The Nissan GA16DS is a 1.6 liter (1,597 cc, 97.45 cu in) carbureted straight-four 4-stroke gasoline engine from Nissan GA-family.
The Nissan GA16DS engine has a cast-iron block and aluminum alloy cylinder head and carburetor. Some models were equipped with a catalyst and used the electronically controlled carburetor.
Cylinder bore and piston stroke are 76.0 mm (2.99 in) and 88.0 mm (3.46 in), respectively. Compression ratio rating is 9.5:1 or 9.8:1. It produced 90 PS (66 kW; 88 HP) or 95 PS (70 kW; 94 HP) at 6,000 rpm of horsepower and 132 Nm (13.5 kg⋅m, 97.3 lb·ft) or 133 Nm (13.6 kg⋅m, 98 lb·ft) at 4,000 rpm of torque.
The breakdown of the engine code is as follows:
- GA – Engine Family
- 16 – 1.6 Liter Displacement
- D – DOHC (Dual Overhead Camshafts)
- S – Carburetor
General information
| Engine Specifications | |
| Engine code | GA16DS |
| Layout | Four stroke, Inline-4 (Straight-4) |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Production | 1990-1997 |
| Displacement | 1.6 L, 1,597 cm3 (97.45 cu in) |
| Fuel system | Carburetor |
| Power adder | None |
| Power output | 90 PS (66 kW; 88 HP) at 6,000 rpm 95 PS (70 kW; 94 HP) at 6,000 rpm |
| Torque output | 132 Nm (13.5 kg⋅m, 97.3 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm 133 Nm (13.6 kg⋅m, 98.0 lb·ft) at 4,400 rpm |
| Firing order | 1-3-4-2 |
| Dimensions (L x H x W): | – |
| Weight | 330 lbs (150 kg) |
Cylinder block
The GA16DS motor has a cast-iron cylinder block, cylinder bore is 76.0 mm (2.99 in) and piston stroke is 88.0 mm (3.46 in). The pistons are each fitted with two compression rings and a single oil ring. The crankshaft for GA16DS supported by five main bearings.
| Cylinder block | ||
| Cylinder block alloy | Cast iron | |
| Compression ratio: | 9.5:1 or 9.8:1 | |
| Cylinder bore: | 76.0 mm (2.992 in) | |
| Piston stroke: | 88.0 mm (3.465 in) | |
| Number of piston rings (compression / oil): | 2 / 1 (1 / 1 – for some markets) | |
| Number of main bearings: | 5 | |
| Block Height: | 213.95-214.05 mm (8.4232-8.4271 in) | |
| Cylinder inner diameter (standard): | 76.000-76,010 mm (2,9921-2.9925 in) | |
| Piston skirt diameter (standard): | 75.975-75.985 mm (29911-2.9915 in) | |
| Piston pin outer diameter: | 18.989-19.001 mm (0.7476-0.7481 in) | |
| Piston ring side clearance: | Top | 0.040-0.080 mm (0.0016-0.0031 in) |
| Second | 0.030-0.070 mm (0.0012-0.0028 in) | |
| Piston ring end gap: | Top | 0.20-0.35 mm (0.0079-0.0138 in) |
| Second | 0.37-0.52 mm (0.0146-0.0205 in) | |
| Oil | 0.20-0.60 mm (0.0079-0.0236 in) | |
| Connecting rod center distance: | 140.45-140.55 mm (5.5295-5.5335 in) | |
| Connectin rod small end inner diameter: | 19.000-19.012 mm (0.7480-0.7485 in) | |
| Connectin rod big end inner diameter: | 43.000-43.013 mm (1.6929-1.6934 in) | |
| Crankshaft journal diameter: | 49.956-49.964 mm (1.9668-1.9671 in) | |
| Crankpin diameter: | 39.968-39.974 mm (1.5735-1.5738 in) | |
| Crankshaft center distance: | 43.95-44.05 mm (1.7303-1.7342 in) | |
Cylinder head
The engine has an aluminum cylinder head with two chain-driven overhead camshafts and sixteen valves (four per cylinder). The GA16DS has two timing chains. Intake valves are 30 mm in diameter and the exhaust valves are 24 mm. Exhaust duration is 222° intake duration is 222°.
The GA16DS does not have hydraulic lifters, so special shims are used to adjust the valve clearance.
| Cylinder head | ||
| Cylinder head alloy | Aluminum | |
| Cylinder head height: | 118 mm (4.6456 in) | |
| Valve Arrangement: | DOHC, chain drive | |
| Intake duration: | 222° | |
| Intake/Exhaust duration: | 222° | |
| Valve head diameter: | INTAKE | 29.9-30.2 mm (1.177-1.189 in) |
| EXHAUST | 24.9-25.2 mm (0.980-0.992 in) | |
| Valve length: | INTAKE | 92.00-92.5 mm (3.6220-3.6417 in) |
| EXHAUST | 92.37-92.87 mm (3.6366-3.6563 in) | |
| Valve stem diameter: | INTAKE | 5.465-5.480 mm (0.2152-0.2157 in) |
| EXHAUST | 5.445-5.460 mm (0.2144-0.2150 in) | Cam height: | INTAKE | 39.880-40.070 mm (1.5701-1.5776 in) |
| EXHAUST | 39.880-40.070 mm (1.5701-1.5776 in) | |
| Outer camshaft journal diameter: | №1 | 27.935-27.955 mm (1.0998-1.1006 in) |
| №2-5 | 23.935-23.955 mm (0.9423 – 0.9431 in) | |
Head tightening procedure and torque specs:
- Step 1: 29.4 Nm; 3.0 kg·m; 22 ft·lb
- Step 2: 58.8 Nm; 6.0 kg·m; 43 ft·lb
- Step 3: Loosen all bolts completely
- Step 4: 29.4 Nm; 3.0 kg·m; 22 ft·lb
- Step 5: Turn main bolts 50-55° or 58.8 Nm; 6.0 kg·m; 43 ft·lb
Maintenance data
| Valve clearance (HOT) | |
| Intake valve | 0.21-0.49 mm (0.008-0.019 in) |
| Exhaust valve | 0.30-0.58 mm (0.012-0.023 in) |
| Compression pressure | |
| Standard | 13.8 kg/cm2 (13.53 bar, 196 psi) / 350 rpm |
| Minimun | 12 kg/cm2 (11.8 bar, 171 psi) / 350 rpm |
| Compression differential limit between cylinders | 1 kg/cm2 (0.98 bar, 14 psi) / 350 rpm |
| Oil system | |
| Oil consumption , L/1000 km (qt. per miles) | up to 0.5 (1 qt. per 1200 miles) |
| Recommended engine oil | 5W-30 5W-40 10W-30 10W-40 |
| Oil type API | SE, SF, SG or SH |
| Engine oil capacity (Refill capacity) | With filter change 3.2 l (3.4 qt.) Without filter change 2.8 l (3.0 qt.) |
| Oil change interval, km (miles) | 15,000 (9,000) |
| Oil Pressure, kPa (bar, kg/cm 2, psi) | Idle speed: More than 59 (0.59, 0.6, 9) 2,000 rpm: More than 245 (2.45, 2.5, 36) 6,000 rpm: More than 422 (4.22, 4.3, 61) |
| Ignition system | |
| Spark plug | Standard: BKR6E |
| Spark plug gap | 0.8-0.9 mm (0.031-0.035 in) |
| Spark plug torque | 19.6-29.4 Nm (2.00-3.00 kg⋅m, 14.3-21.7 lb·ft) |
Valve clearance adjustment data
Calculate the thickness of new adjusting shim so valve clearance comes within specified values.
R = Thickness of removed shim
N = Thickness of new shim
M = Measured valve clearance
Intake:
N = R + [M – 0.37 mm (0.0146 in)]
Exhaust:
N = R + [M – 0.40 mm (0.0157 in)]
Shims are available in 50 sizes from 2.00 mm (0.0787 in) to 2.98 mm (0.1173 in), in steps of 0.02 mm (0.0008 in).
Example (intake valve):
R = 2.10 mm
M = 0.52 mm
N = 2.10 + (0.52 – 0.37) = 2.25 mm, so we need a shim with code 225 or TS225.
| For adjusting | For checking | ||
| Hot | Cold* | Hot | |
| Intake | 0.32 – 0.40 (0.013 – 0.016) | 0.25 – 0.33 (0.010 – 0.013) | 0.21 – 0.49 (0.008 – 0.019) |
| Exhaust | 0.37 – 0.45 (0.015 – 0.018) | 0.32 – 0.40 (0.013 – 0.016) | 0.30 – 0.58 (0.012 – 0.023) |
*: At a temperature of approximately 20°C (68°F)
Whenever valve clearances are adjusted to cold specifications, check that the clearances satisfy hot specifications and adjust again if necessary.
Vehicle applications
| Model | Years Produced |
| Nissan Primera P10 | 1990-1993 |
| Nissan Sunny N14 | 1990-1993 |
| Nissan 100NX B13 | 1990-1993 |
| Nissan Avenir | 1990-1997 |
| Nissan Bluebird U13 | 1991-1995 |
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